Showing posts with label chemistry. Show all posts
Showing posts with label chemistry. Show all posts

September 29, 2012

Project Enthalpy

Enthalpy is a measure of the total energy of a thermodynamic system. It includes the internal energy, which is the energy required to create a system, and the amount of energy required to make room for it by displacing its environment and establishing its volume and pressure.



i am a chemical engineer by heart and a programmer by profession. as a chemical engineer, i know that there are different types of energy that surround each and everyone of us. well, even high school or elementary students know that. but to tell people what "enthalpy" is, it's really hard to do. 

so, i wanted to explain it in a way where my peers will understand. so basically, enthalpy is internal energy plus work. think of "internal energy" as doing your everyday tasks - create detailed design, create test plans, create code, solve tickets, monitor servers, create reports and others. you need to do these to survive. you need to be effective to deliver. you need to be efficient to add value. you need to excel to have a good rating. however, sometimes excelling is not enough to have a good one. when politics comes in, every effort that made will be useless. 

now, think of "work" as your effort to make another room. another room to showcase your talent. something you don't usually do. its a work to establish another name. this room is usually empty. no one knows how your circle of influence is. it is dependent on volume and pressure. so work is like doing some extra-curricular activities. other people see you, but they do not know the volume of your work in there. they do not know the pressure that you have to make some activities work. since this is empirical by nature, this is where politics comes in. 

so, enthalpy is internal energy plus work. internal energy plus politics. very vague. very subjective. no more words to say. no one to blame. 

i am moving on. just to move forward and look for some new space to expand.

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September 06, 2012

what is para-di-chlorobenzene?

the rain started pouring when i'm on my way home after a visit to my girl's house. too bad because i intend to walk and feel the good weather. 

i pulled my wallet and found out that i have 20 pesos - too big for a tryke ride. so, i went back to mercury drug and started to roam around - look for something cheap to buy to have a change. my feet brought me to para-di-chlorobenzene. so what's para-di-chlorobenze? i am a chemical engineer and knows this organic substance very well.

para-di-cholorobenzene is one of the three forms of di-chlorobenze - other two are meta-di-chlorobenzene and ortho-di-chlorobenzene. in terms of molecular weight, they are all the same. but in terms of stability, halides (common organic term for halogens like chlorine and bromine) are electron withdrawing group (EWG) but tend to directs the second halide into an ortho or para position.

picture of para-di-chlorobenzene from here.

so what am i talking about? everything on earth tends to look for a place or state which has the lowest energy level. so as these reactions. people thought that these elements/chemicals are just irritants. but most often than not, they make our lives more comfortable. we just tend to overuse them. you can see more details in aromatic reactivity and electrophilic aromatic substitution.

anyways, what's this para-di-chlorobenzene? if you buy albatross, try to read the label. they are now used to replace the traditional naphthalene. 

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July 08, 2009

distilled water is harmful to your health?

sorry kung mag-papaka-technical ako ngayon...

kanina, nagbabasa ako ng blogs. na-encounter ko ang isang siute na nag-sasabing harmful daw yung distilled water sa health natin. as in sobra akong naging curious dahil di ko alam yung pinag-sasabi nya. ang alam ko, distilled water is safe to drink. nakakainis lang dahil masyadong one sided ang blog nya. well, it is her own opinion not mine. this is mine...

walang evidence na harmful ang distilled water sa katawan natin. unang una, paano naman magiging harmful yung distilled water eh tubig lang talaga yun na tinanggalan ng ions. sige nga? sagutin nyo yung tanong ko. tapos, ang distilled water DAW (sabi ng babaeng blogger na ito) ay harmful dahil nag-aabsorb DAW ito ng carbon dioxide which makes it acidic in nature. sa akin lang, hello? alam ba niya na in general, kapag kumuha ka ng water sa ref, acidic din ito in nature? hello ulit? alam din ba nya na kahit basic yung tubig - pH greater than 7 - ay pede pa ring mag-exist ang carbon dioxide sa tubig? carbon dioxide when dissolved in water yields carbonic acid which is a WEAK ACID.

di naman obvious na inis ako di ba? sana lang sa mga bloggers na tulad ko ay maging responsible tayo sa mga sinasabi natin lalo pa at maraming nakakabasa nito...

sa kabilang banda, tama naman yung sinabi nya tungkol sa vitamin water. wala naman talagang vitamins ang tubig kung pinag-halong distilled water at crystalline fructose lang ang halo nito. magaling siya kasi alam nya yung sinasabi nya kaso lang the way we present the data.

references >> http://www.cyber-nook.com/water/distilledwater.htm and http://www.aquapurefilters.com/contaminates/116/carbon-dioxide.html.

February 28, 2009

keto-enol tautomerism

In organic chemistry, keto-enol tautomerism refers to a chemical equilibrium between a keto form (a ketone or an aldehyde) and an enol. The enol and keto forms are said to be tautomers of each other. The interconversion of the two forms involves the movement of a proton and the shifting of bonding electrons; hence, the isomerism qualifies as tautomerism.A compound containing a carbonyl group (C=O) is normally in rapid equilibrium with an enol tautomer, which contains a pair of doubly bonded carbon atoms adjacent to a hydroxyl (−OH) group, C=C-OH. The keto form predominates at equilibrium for most ketones. Nonetheless, the enol form is important for some reactions. Furthermore, the deprotonated intermediate in the interconversion of the two forms, referred to as an enolate anion, is important in carbonyl chemistry, in large part because it is a strong nucleophile.

Keto-enol tautomerism is important in several areas of biochemistry. The high phosphate-transfer potential of phosphoenolpyruvate results from the fact that the phosphorylated compound is "trapped" in the less stable enol form, whereas after dephosphorylation it can assume the keto form. Rare enol tautomers of the bases guanine and thymine can lead to mutation because of their altered base-pairing properties.
In certain aromatic compounds such as phenols the enol is important due to the aromatic character of the enol but not the keto form. Melting the naphthalene derivative 1,4-dihydroxynaphthalene 1 at 200 °C results in a 2:1 mixture with the keto form 2. Heating the keto form in benzene at 120°C for three days also affords a mixture (1:1 with first order reaction kinetics) The keto product is kinetically stable and reverts back to the enol in presence of a base. The keto form can be obtained in a pure form by stirring the keto form in triflic acid and toluene (1:9 ratio) followed recrystallisation from isopropyl ether. When the enol form is complexed with chromium tricarbonyl, complete conversion to the keto form accelerated and occurs even at room temperature in benzene. In deoxyribonucleic acids (DNA), the nucleotide bases are in keto form. However, James Watson and Francis Crick first believed them to be in the enol tautomeric form, delaying the solution of the structure for several months.
from http://www.chemie.de/lexikon/e/Keto-enol_tautomerism


I don’t want to be technical. I just wanted to share a little of my knowledge about (for me) organic chemistry’s most fascinating lesson that could best describe what I am up right now. What do you think am I doing at two in the morning? I should be sleeping. Yes! I am a TAUTOMER. As a tautomer, I am trapped in a situation that I think hard to forget. The equilibrium constant between what I feel and what I should feel is very small. I don’t know if you understand it but let us put it in this way my feeling is somewhat inconvertible. Sometimes I think that I should leave the past behind but sometimes I can see old Edward reminiscing the past – until I found him in the cobweb of history.

Lent is very special to me because it keeps on reminding me to get away from the past and should continue leaving for the future –even though it is hard.

 
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